Beelzebub appears several times in the New Testament, only once in
the Old Testament, and never in apocalyptic literature. While the origin
of his name is uncertain, Beelzebub shared the destiny of many
heathen gods who lived in the land of Canaan and were turned into
demons when the Jews began to filter in and develop what came to be
monotheistic Judaism. He was mocked by the Jews as “Baalzebub, lord
of flies,” who created and controlled flies in the Philistine city of
Ekron. He was originally known as “Baal the prince,” the chief god in
the Canaanite pantheon. Baalzebub appeared in 2 Kings 1:2 as the
god called upon by Ahaziah, King of Israel (ca. 853–51 B.C.) to cast
out demons.
In the New Testament his name is transformed into Beelzebub,
and is used to refer to the Devil. He was called the prince of devils by
the Pharisees, and as such he appears in Luke 11:19 when Jesus is
accused of casting out demons through Beelzebub. In contemporary
usage, Beelzebub is another name for Satan.
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