The name Abdiel is first mentioned in the Bible (First Chronicles),
where Abdiel is a mortal and a resident of Gilead. However, thereafter
in history and literature,
Abdiel (meaning “servant of God”)
is anangel.
The first traceable reference to Abdiel as an angel occurs in The
Book of the Angel Raziel, a work written in rabbinic Hebrew during the
Middle Ages. The most complete account of Abdiel, however, appears
in Paradise Lost, the epic poem by John Milton, which recounts the
tale of Satan’s rebellion against God. During the uprising, Abdiel is
the only angel who remains faithful to God and refuses to rebel. Satan
insists that he and his followers were really meant to rule Heaven, but
Abdiel argues that Satan must be less powerful than God because God
created him. Satan responds that this is just one more lie from the
Father of Lies. Abdiel does not believe this, forces out other rebel
angels, and attacks Satan himself with a “mighty sword stroke.”
Abdiel is also mentioned in The Revolt of the Angels, by Anatole
France, although there he is known by the name Arcade.
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