Saniel

In the LEMEGETON , the ruling angel of the sixth hour of the day, called Genapherim. Saniel rules 10 chief dukes and 1,000 lesser dukes and their servants.

Sandalphon (Sandalfon)

A giant angel who in rabbinic lore is a weaver of prayers, and the twin brother of the mighty Metatron. The name Sandalphon means “co-brother.” In rabbinic lore, Sandalphon is so big that his size strikes fear into the heart of MOSES when the prophet is taken into heaven to receive the Torah. There he finds the angel weaving garlands out of the prayers of Israel, which place themselves on the head of God upon com- pletion. In addition he fights Samael (Satan) endlessly, a job he shares with the archangel Michael. He also determines the sex of the unborn. Sandalphon’s abode is placed variously in the third, sixth and seventh HEAVENS in rabbinic literature, and in the fourth heaven in Islamic lore.

Samuel

In the LEMEGETON , the ruling angel of the first hour of the day. Samuel has numerous dukes and servants under his command.

Samkiel

In 3 ENOCH , one of the ANGELS OF DESTRUCTION who sits in the heavenly court of law and is in charge of purifying souls of their sin in SHEOL.

Samael (Sammael)

A Gnostic god and, in Judaism, the evil angel who comes to be identified with Satan. Samael actually is the name of a kingdom of the Aramaens, in the area of Syria in the second millennium B . C . E . Some mythologists have associated this name with “Dread God,” a Semitic version of the Asiatic Sama, Samana, or Samavurti, the “Leveller.” The Sama Veda called him a storm god, clothed in black clouds. Samael is a name that arises several times within GNOSTICISM . In one Gnostic text, Sophia (originally a high angel, or AEON ) confronts her imperfect son Iald- abaoth, who in another reading is her “shadowed” cre- ation (an abortion of her wish to create on her own), who has subsequently created angels to create this world. Ruling them, he thinks he is the ruler of all, sufficient unto himself. Sophia tells him: “You are wrong, Samael.” The name Samael means “the blind god.” Blindness is a theme that runs through Gnosticism, for which ignorance, not willful sin, is the seat of evil. In another Gnostic text Ialdabaoth casts ADAM AND EVE , and the serpent who tempted them, out of Paradise after they have eaten of the tree of Gnosis (Knowledge of Good and Evil). The serpent then uses the angels begotten upon Eve by the planetary powers to bring into exis- tence six sons. These sons, along with himself, become seven earthly DEMONS ; the serpent is called Michael or Sammael. The concept of seven evil demons is an old one in the East, and a demonic connotation lingers around this name. In Jewish demonology, the name Samael first appears in the story of the fall of the angels in the Ethiopic Book of ENOCH . Samael also is identified as the ANGEL OF DEATH , the head of all devils, and the chief of all tempters. He leads the rebel armies of angels in heaven. Prior to the fall, Samael is higher than the mighty SERAPHIM . He has 12 wings. His duties include being in charge of all nations, except Israel, over which he shall have power only on the Day of Atonement. Then he will war with the archangel Michael, the guardian of Israel. The war will last until the end of days, when Samael will be handed over to Israel in shackles. Samael is described as flying through the air, with one long hair streaming from his navel. As long as the hair remains intact, he will reign. Samael, however, does not know the way to the Tree of Life. He is the angel who governs the planet Mars. He has three brides, Lilith, a night demon, and Namaah and Agrat bat Mahlat, angels of prostitution.

Saleos

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Saleos is a duke who appears as a soldier wearing a duke’s crown and riding on a crocodile. He promotes love between men and women and speaks authorita- tively about the creation of the world.

Salathiel (Salatheel, Sealthiel, Sealtiel)

In the Book of ADAM AND EVE , angel who rescues Adam and Eve from the mountaintop where Satan had taken them. Salathiel takes them to the cave of treasures. Salathiel is one of seven ministering archangels and rules the movements of the spheres.

Sagnessagiel (Sagansagel, Sasniel, Sasnigel)

Chief of the angelic guards of the fourth hall of the seventh HEAVEN and a PRINCE of wisdom. In 3 ENOCH , Sagnessagiel is one of the many names of Metatron.

Sachiel (Zadkiel)

Angel who belongs to the order of HASHMALLIM and who is a ruler of Jupiter. Sachiel means “covering of God.” Sachiel lives in the first HEAVEN.

Sabrathan

In the LEMEGETON , the ruling angel of the first hour of the night, called Omalharien. Sabrathan rules 1,540 dukes and other servants divided into 10 orders.

Sabrael (Sabriel)

One of the seven ARCHANGELS and ruler of the order of TARSHISHIM , a duty shared with Tarshiel. Sabrael guards the first HEAVEN and thwarts Sphendonael, the DEMON of disease.

Sabnack (Salmac)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Sabnack is a marquis who appears as an armed soldier with a lion’s head, riding on a pale horse. He builds and fortifies towers, camps, and cities. Upon command he torments people with wounds and maggot-filled, putrid sores. He also gives good FAMILIARS . He rules 29 legions.

Sablo (Samlo)

Angelic being of graciousness and protection named frequently in the Nag Hammadi and other Gnostic lit- erature. Sablo is a great AEON who brings the elect into HEAVEN . He usually is part of a trinity of angels includ- ing Abraxas and Gamaliel.

Sabathiel (Sabbathi)

Angelic PRINCE who stands continually before God, and an INTELLIGENCE of the planet Saturn. Sabathiel communicates divine light to those in his dominion.

Sabaoth (Ibraoth, Tsabaoth)

One of the seven ANGELS OF THE PRESENCE ; in GNOSTI - CISM , one of the seven ARCHONS . Sabaoth is invoked as a divine name in MAGIC.

Sabaoc

One of the seven REPROBATED ANGELS in a church coun- cil trial in 745 in Rome.

Ruax

In the Testament of SOLOMON , a headache DEMON and the first of the 36 HEAVENLY BODIES . Ruax is imprisoned by Michael.

Ronobe (Roneve, Ronove)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Ronobe is an earl and marquis who appears as a mon- ster. He teaches rhetoric and art as well as knowledge and understanding of languages. He gives the favor of friends and enemies. He has 19 legions.

Rogziel

One of the ANGELS OF PUNISHMENT . Rogziel means “the wrath of God.”

Rizoel

In the Testament of SOLOMON , angel who has the power to thwart Soubelti, one of the DEMONS who is among the DECANS OF THE ZODIAC.

Rikbiel YHVH

One of seven ruling angels of the order of GALGALLIM , PRINCE of judgment and angel concerned with the divine chariot. Rikbiel is also identified as chief of the WHEELS . In 3 ENOCH , he is a high prince of the seventh HEAVEN , standing above Soperiel.

reprobated angels

Seven angels condemned in a trial conducted by a church council in Rome in 745 during the pontificate of Pope Zachary. The trial was undertaken because church officials were alarmed at the rise in veneration of angels and feared idol worship. The seven con- demned angels were Adimus, Inias, Raguel, Sabaoc, Simiel, Tubual, and Uriel. Bishops Adalbert and Clement, who had advocated veneration of these angels, were convicted of heresy and excommunicated. The church forbade the veneration or invocation of any angels other than those named in the Bible: Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael.

Remiel (Jeremiel, Phanuel, Ramiel, Rumael, Uriel, Yerahmeel)

Angel charged with leading souls to judgment. Remiel means “mercy of God.” Remiel also is called the “Lord of Souls awaiting Resurrection.” He presides over thunder, as do Ramiel and Uriel. Remiel appears in apocryphal texts. In the ENOCH books, he is identified both as one of the seven ARCHANGELS who stand before God and also as one of the FALLEN ANGELS . As an archangel, he is set over “those who rise” and is charged with spreading the instructions of all seven archangels. In 4 EZRA he is equated with Jeremiel and Uriel, and in the Apocalypse of Baruch he destroys the army of Sennacherib.

Raziel (Akrasiel, Gallizur, Rasiel, Ratziel, Reziel, Saraquel, Suriel)

Angel of the secret regions, chief of the THRONES , and chief of the Supreme Mysteries, who is charged with guarding the secrets of the universe. The name “Raziel” means “secret of God” or “angel of mysteries.” Raziel is important in Kabbalistic and rabbinic lore, and in apocryphal writings, especially the book of ENOCH . Raziel is best known as the keeper of the SEFER RAZIEL , or the Book of the Angel Raziel, a text of angel MAGIC and MERKABAH mysticism said to hold all the secrets of the cosmos—even things unknown to other angels. In the KABBALAH , Raziel is an archangel assigned to guard the second sephirah, Chokmah (Wisdom) on the TREE OF LIFE . He is one of the archangels in the world of Briah, the second of the four worlds of creation. MAIMONIDES names Raziel as chief of the ERELIM , the herald of God and the preceptor of ADAM.

Raum (Raym)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Raum is an earl who appears as a crow but will shift to human form when commanded to do so. He steals treasure, even from kings, and carries it anywhere. He destroys cities and dignities. Raum also discerns the past, present, and future, and he makes friends and enemies love each other. He governs 30 legions. Before his fall, he was in the order of THRONES .

Rathanael

Angel of the third HEAVEN . In the Testament of SOLOMON , Rathanael is the angel who thwarts the two- headed female DEMON Enepsigos.

Raphael

One of the principal angels in Judeo-Christian angelologies, accorded the rank of archangel. Raphael’s name originates from the Hebrew rapha, which means healer or doctor; thus Raphael is “the shining one who heals;” also “the medicine of God.” He is often con- nected with the symbol of healing, the serpent. He is entrusted with the physical well-being of the earth and its human inhabitants, and, in Christian lore, he is regarded as one of the friendliest of the angels. He is one of four principal archangels—together with Michael, Gabriel, and Uriel—who are sometimes aspects of the ANGEL OF THE LORD . Raphael is not mentioned by name in Scripture; he is best known as the angel guide and teacher in the apocryphal book of TOBIT . In that, Raphael teaches the arts of both healing and exorcism. He acts as a guide and companion on a journey, thus making him the angel of travelers and safety. He imparts the message that God is always with his people and sends his angels to aid them. Raphael has numerous titles and duties. He is counted among the seven angels who stand before God mentioned in REVELATION , and is part of five orders of angels: SERAPHIM , ARCHANGELS , CHERUBIM , DOMINIONS , and POWERS . He is the angel of the evening winds, guardian of the TREE OF LIFE , and the angel of joy, light, and love. He is sometimes identified as an aspect of the ANGEL OF GREAT COUNSEL ; the ANGEL OF PEACE ; the ANGEL OF PRAYER ; the ANGEL OF REPENTANCE ; an ANGEL OF THE EARTH ; and an ANGEL OF THE PLANETS.In Kabbalistic lore, Raphael is charged with healing the earth. He is one of the 10 sephirot of the TREE OF LIFE . He is believed to be one of the three angels who visits ABRAHAM , though he is not named as such in Genesis. He is credited with healing Abraham of the pain of his circumcision, and JACOB of his wounded thigh due to the fight with the dark adversary. According to several rabbinic sources, a pearl hung on Noah’s ark, which indicated when day and night were at hand. Others say this light came from a sacred book NOAH was given by the archangel Raphael, bound in sap- phires and containing all knowledge of the stars, the art of healing, and the mastery of DEMONS . Noah bequeathed this to Shem, who passed it by Abraham to Jacob, Levi, Moses, Joshua, and Solomon. (See SEFER RAZIEL .) In 1 ENOCH , Raphael is one of the holy WATCHERS who punish the FALLEN ANGELS . In the Testament of Solomon, Raphael thwarts the birth demon Obyzouth. Catholic devotional lore contains numerous stories about the deeds of Raphael, a saint whose feast day is September 29. St. Cyriaca (also called Dominica), who was martyred under the Emperor Maximilian in the fourth century, was addressed by Raphael during her tortures. The angel, identifying himself by name, said he had heard her prayers and congratulated her on her courage. Because of her suffering, she would glorify the Lord. Sister Mary Francis of the Third Order of St. Francis, who lived during the late 18th century, was frequently ill and was told on one occasion by the angel that he would heal her—and he did. She and others were witness to a smell of sweet perfume, which she attributed to the presence of Raphael. The angel also is credited with healing others of various afflic- tions, including epilepsy, and of providing protection during journeys. Raphael is the patron saint of the blind, happy meetings, nurses, physicians, and travelers.

Ramiel (Jeremiel, Ramael, Remiel, Phanuel, Uriel, Yerahmeel)

Angel who oversees true visions and the souls of the dead on their day of judgment. Ramiel appears in apocryphal texts. In the Enochian writings, he is described as both a FALLEN ANGEL and one of the seven angels who stand before God. In the Sybylline Oracles he is one of five angels who lead souls to judgment; the others are Uriel, Arakiel, Samiel, and Aziel. In 2 Baruch, Ramiel is the angel who presides over true visions and interprets the apocalyptic vision of BARUCH , and he gives the prophet the vision of victory over the army of Sennacherib. In the Apocalypse of Baruch he is the angel who actually destroys the army (Michael, Gabriel, Remiel, Uriel, and other angels also are credited with this act). Ramiel describes the mes- siah to Baruch as “bright lightning.” Ramiel presides over thunder, as do Remiel and Uriel.

Rahmiel (Rachmiel, Rahamael, Rhamiel)

Angel of mercy and love who in MAGIC is invoked against the evil eye.

Rahatiel (Rahtiel)

Angel who is PRINCE of the constellations. Rahatiel, whose name means “to run,” ranks beneath Ophaniel, who is in charge of the OPHANIM and the workings of the moon. According to 3 ENOCH 17:6, Rahatiel’s name is derived from his duty of making the constel- lations run 339,000 PARASANGS in their cycles and orbits every night. Assisting him are 72 great and honored angels. Under him is Kokabiel, who is in charge of the stars.

Rahab

An ANGEL OF DEATH and destruction, sometimes syn- onymous with Behemoth and Leviathan. Rahab (the name means “violence”) is the demon of insolence and pride. He also rules over the primordial sea and is not always malevolent. Rahab’s name can be invoked through MAGIC to obtain the assistance of the sea. Jew- ish mystical tales tell of Rahab obligingly offering up treasures and possessions lost in shipwrecks, in response to incantations invoking his holy NAME . In one story he retrieves an evil amulet that was sunk in the seas, which a rabbi then uses to exorcise the curse of a witch. Jewish lore tells that God destroyed Rahab for refusing to part the upper and lower waters at creation. Apparently he was resurrected, for God destroys him again for chasing the Israelites across the parted Red Sea. In a benevolent act, Rahab rescues the SEFER RAZIEL , containing all knowledge and mystical secrets, after the other angels have cast it into the sea to pre- vent it from being used by humans.

Raguel (Akrasiel, Raguhel, Rasuil, Rufael, Suryan)

Archangel assigned to watch over the good behavior of other angels. Raguel means “friend of God.” In the ENOCH books, Raguel is the archangel who transports Enoch to the HEAVENS —a task also attrib- uted to the angel Anafiel. 1 Enoch describes him as one of four great archangels who watch, along with Michael, Raphael, and Suriel, and one of the holy angels “who take vengeance for the world and for the luminaries.” Enoch calls Raguel the Angel of the Earth. He also is a guardian of the second heaven, ruled by the archangel Raphael, which is a penal colony where fallen angels await judgment. There, Raguel is instru- mental in meting out justice to erring angels. The Revelation of John tells of God calling upon the services of Raguel in the Judgment, after the separation of the sheep from the goats: “Then shall He send the angel Raguel saying: go sound the trumpet for the angels of cold and snow and ice and bring them together every kind of wrath upon them that stand on the left.” In 745, Pope Zachary, at a church council, repro- bated Raguel, Uriel, Tubuel, Inias, Sabaoc, and Simiel. Pope Zachary termed Raguel as a DEMON “who passed himself off as a saint,” a curious sentence to give an angel whose job it is to make sure other angels do not fall from grace. Raguel was thrown out of the saints’ calendar.

Radueriel (Radweriel)

Angel in charge of heavenly archives, who has the unusual power to create other angels. In 3 ENOCH 27:1–3, Radueriel is described as ranking above the SERAPHIM as a prince exalted above all other PRINCES and more wonderful than all ministers: He takes out the scroll box in which the book of records is kept and brings it into the presence of the Holy One, blessed be he. He breaks the seals of the scroll box, opens it, takes out the scrolls and puts them in the hand of the Holy One, blessed be he. The Holy One receives them from his hand and places them before the scribes, so that they might read them out to the Great Court which is in the height of the heaven of Arabot, in the presence of the heavenly household. Radueriel is so named because every utterance from his mouth creates an angel that joins in the songs of the MINISTERING ANGELS and recites the song before the Holy One when the time comes to say “Holy.” Radueriel also is the angel of poetry and the muses. He is one of eight great judgment angels who rank above Metatron.

Rachmiel

In rabbinic lore, one of the ANGELS OF MERCY . Rachmiel means “mercy.” Rachmiel also is one of the CHILDBIRTH ANGELS .

Rachiel

Angel in the order of OPHANIM , a ruler of Venus and governor of human sexuality. In magical lore, Rachiel is one of three angels who rule Friday, along with Anael and Sachiel.

Quabriel

In the LEMEGETON , the ruling angel of the ninth hour of the day, called Karron. Quabriel rules 66 chief dukes and many lesser dukes, who have hundreds and thou- sands of servants.

Qemuel (Camael, Kemuel)

Angel destroyed by either God or MOSES . Qemuel objected to the deliverance of the Torah to Moses and led 12,000 angels in opposition to it. He was punished by his destruction.

Qedussah (Kedushah)

The song of praise and devotion to God sung by the angels in HEAVEN . Qedussah means “sanctification,” and it consists of the words given in ISAIAH 6:3: “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory.” Most of the hymns and songs recited by MERKABAH mystics on their ascents to the throne of Glory end with the Qedussah. According to 3 ENOCH the Qedussah is one of the more important duties of the angels. It must be per- formed correctly in order to avoid God’s wrath. The singing of the “Holy” causes the very heavens and the earth to shake. The constellations and the stars are alarmed; the Sun and the Moon hurry in flight and seek to fling themselves from heaven. But the PRINCE OF THE WORLD soothes them and bids them to stay in their places. However, all the sacred NAMES that have been engraved with a pen of flame on the throne of glory fly off like eagles with 16 wings and surround God on the four sides of the abode of his SHEKINAH . When the Qedussah is performed in its proper order, the angels rejoice with great joy. Each of the ministers of the throne has a thousand thousand and myriads and myriads of starry crowns that they put on the heads of the MINISTERING ANGELS and the great PRINCES . When the angels recite the “Holy” in its proper order they receive three crowns. But if mistakes are made God becomes angry, and a devouring fire goes out from his little finger and splits into 496,000 myriads of parts the camps of angels and devours them in a single stroke. Then God opens his mouth and with one word creates new angels to take their place. Each of them recites the “Holy” as it is instructed to be given. Of the angels who are destroyed, they become fiery coals in the RIVER OF FIRE , but their spirits and souls stand behind the Shekinah surrounded by walls of fire. They have the faces of angels and wings of birds.

Qaspiel (Qafsiel, Qaphsiel, Quaphsiel)

Angel who rules the moon and who is invoked in MAGIC to drive away enemies. In 3 ENOCH , Qaspiel is the leader of the GUARDIANS OF THE DOORS of the sev- enth heavenly hall.

qaddisin (kadashim, kadishim)

A class of angels who reside in the sixth or seventh HEAVEN and who have a higher rank than MERKABAH angels. Qaddisin means “holy ones.” According to rab- binic lore the chief of the order is made of hail and is so tall it would take 500 years to walk his height. The qaddisin are charged with singing unceasing hymns of praise and adoration to God. They serve on the seat of judgment along with the IRIN . When MOSES travels to heaven he sees the qaddisin and the irin together.

Purson (Curson)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and spirits of SOLOMON . Pur- son was once in the order of VIRTUES and partly in the order of THRONES . In HELL he is a great king. He appears as a lion-headed man, riding on a bear, and carrying a viper. He is preceded by many trumpeters. Purson hides and reveals treasure, discerns the past, present and future, provides good FAMILIARS , and gives true answers about things both human and divine.

Puriel (Puruel, Pusiel)

One of the ANGELS OF PUNISHMENT . Puriel means “the fire of God.” In the Testament of ABRAHAM , Puriel is a pitiless angel who scrutinizes souls. Puriel is some- times identified with Uriel.

Purah (Poteh, Puta)

Angel of forgetfulness and lord of oblivion. In Jewish lore, Purah is invoked in necromantic rites (the con- juring of the dead) at the close of the Sabbath.

Procel (Crocell, Pucel)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Procel is a duke who appears in the form of an angel. He speaks mystically of hidden and secret things and teaches geometry and the liberal sciences. Upon com- mand he will make a commotion and make waters roar. He also warms waters and tempers thermal springs baths. Before his fall he was in the order of POWERS . He rules over 48 legions.

Pravuil (Vretiel, Vrevoil)

Archangel who keeps all the records of HEAVEN .In 2 ENOCH 22:10–11, God summons Pravuil to present the records to ENOCH , and to instruct him in writing down everything he saw and heard during his trip to heaven.

planetary rulers

Seven angels who have the sole powers to thwart the demonic HEAVENLY BODIES of the world of darkness. The planetary rulers are: 1. Lamachiel, who thwarts Deception. 2. Baruchiel, who thwarts Strife. 3. Marmaroth, who thwarts Fate. 4. Balthioul, who thwarts Distress. 5. Uriel, who thwarts Error. 6. Asteraoth, who thwarts Power.

Phul (Phuel)

One of the seven ruling angels of the 196 Olympic provinces of HEAVEN , according to the Arbatel of Magic. As the seventh angel, Phul rules everything pertaining to the moon, and seven provinces. He is invoked on Monday, the day of the moon. Phul can transmute any- thing into silver and can cure dropsy. As supreme lord of the waters, he can destroy the evil spirits of water.

Phounebiel

In the Testament of SOLOMON , angel who thwarts Rhyx Nathotho, a disease-causing DEMON among the DECANS OF THE ZODIAC . The name may be a corruption of the Egyptian deity Ptah-Nun, father of Atum.

Phoenix (Phenix, Phenix, Pheynix)

One of the FALLEN ANGELS and 72 spirits of SOLOMON . Phoenix reigns as a marquis in hell with 20 legions. He appears as a phoenix bird and sings sweetly in a child’s voice. It is really a siren’s voice, and so the magician must take precautions not to be seduced by it. Upon command Phoenix will assume a human shape, and then he will speak on all the sciences and deliver excel- lent poetry. He fulfills all commands well. Phoenix has the futile hope that he will return to the seventh throne in 1,200 years. He formerly was in the order of THRONES .

Pharzuph

Angel of fornication and lust. In occult lore, Pharzuph is one of the GENII of the fourth hour and is invoked in magical rites.